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Definitive Guide to Ransomware

Operational Technology (OT) Security

From manufacturing plants to energy grids and transportation systems, Operational Technology (OT) is at the heart of essential services. But with rising connectivity comes growing exposure to cyber threats. OT security addresses this challenge by safeguarding the critical technologies that powers the physical world.

What is OT Security?

Operational Technology (OT) Security refers to the protection of hardware and software that controls industrial systems and processes. These systems include Industrial Control Systems (ICS), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) platforms, sensors, actuators and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) that manage critical infrastructure. Unlike traditional IT systems, OT environments are responsible for real-world operations: think automated assembly lines, water treatment plants, railway control systems, and smart city infrastructure. OT security ensures that these environments are shielded from cyber threats, system failures, and unauthorised access. 

Key components of OT Security

An effective OT security strategy includes multiple layers of protection designed for industrial environments: 
  • Network segmentation
    Isolates OT systems from IT networks to reduce the attack surface. This segmentation can be further understood through the Purdue Model, a widely recognised framework that defines security zones and levels, ensuring clear isolation between IT and OT systems.
  • Access control
    Restricts system access to authorised personnel only.
  • Threat detection & monitoring
    Enables real-time detection of anomalies through traffic baselining. In OT environments, where EDR (Endpoint Detection and Response) may not be feasible, passive network monitoring becomes crucial. Solutions like Stamus can provide visibility without directly interacting with the industrial systems.
  • Asset inventory & visibility
    Provides a clear overview of all operational devices and systems.
  • Patch management
    Addresses vulnerabilities in legacy systems with minimal disruption.
  • Incident response
    Tailors recovery strategies specifically to OT environments.

Why is OT Security important?

The risks in OT environments go far beyond data breaches. They can directly impact safety, productivity, and even human life. Cyberattacks on OT systems can shut down power grids, halt manufacturing, or disrupt emergency services. These systems run physical processes, so when they fail, the consequences are tangible. 
  • Operational downtime
    Leads to costly delays and production losses.
  • Physical safety
    Attacks can result in hazardous situations for workers and the public.
  • Economic impact
    Disruptions can ripple across entire supply chains and economies.
  • Reputation and compliance
    Failure to secure OT systems can undermine trust and breach regulations.
Notable OT attacks like Stuxnet, Incontroller, and Pipedream have shown how vulnerable these systems can be, causing significant disruption and highlighting the need for robust OT security measures. 

OT vs. IT

While both OT and IT are vital parts of modern organisations, they operate under different principles: 
  • Priorities
    OT prioritises availability and uptime, while IT focuses on confidentiality and integrity.
  • Lifespan
    OT systems often run for decades with minimal updates.
  • Environments
    OT is often deployed in real-time, physical-world operations.
  • Security needs
    OT requires custom security solutions distinct from traditional IT tools.

Common threats and challenges

Securing OT systems presents unique challenges. Many environments are built on legacy infrastructure that lacks modern security features, making them difficult to protect. Limited visibility across operational assets means organisations often don’t have a clear picture of what needs to be secured. Threats such as ransomware and malware increasingly target these systems, and insider threats – both accidental and malicious – pose persistent risks. More advanced dangers like long-term, stealthy attacks known as Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are particularly concerning, as they can go undetected for extended periods. 

Adding to the complexity, many OT systems are not equipped with adequate logging or real-time monitoring, making detection difficult. These challenges are only intensified by the ongoing digital transformation in industrial environments. The rise of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), smart cities, and Industry 4.0 has expanded connectivity and introduced new efficiencies, but also opened the door to more cyber risks. As more devices connect to external networks, the attack surface grows – and so does the need for a modernised, proactive approach to OT security. 

Strengthening OT Security: best practices & MDR integration

Protecting OT environments starts with implementing best practices grounded in visibility, governance, and preparedness: 
  • Risk assessments
    Identify vulnerabilities and prioritise action.
  • Governance models
    Define roles across IT and OT teams.
  • Continuous monitoring
    Use threat intelligence and anomaly detection.
  • Personnel training
    Educate teams to recognise and respond to threats.
  • Simulation & testing
    Prepare for real incidents through exercises.

However, managing OT security in-house is a demanding task. The systems are complex, the stakes are high, and the expertise required is specialized. That’s why many organizations choose to outsource OT security or integrate it into a broader Managed Detection and Response (MDR) strategy. 

This approach offers several advantages: 

  • 24/7 monitoring
    Continuous oversight of IT and OT environments.
  • Expert response
    Specialised teams act swiftly using OT-specific playbooks.
  • Threat intelligence
    Leverages up-to-date insights to anticipate and counter risks.
  • Compliance guidance
    Ensures alignment with evolving industrial standards.
Unified visibility between OT and IT environments supports a more cohesive and effective security posture. Our MDR service integrates OT security as a core component, combining visibility, expertise, and rapid response tailored to industrial operations. 

Explore our MDR service

Looking for comprehensive cybersecurity solutions tailored to your organisation's needs? Explore our Managed Detection and Response (MDR) services. Our SOC provides scalability, cost-effectiveness, and access to specialised expertise. Our MDR services help organisations detect, analyse, and respond to cyber threats in real time, leveraging advanced threat intelligence and proactive monitoring to identify and mitigate risks like ransomware and cyber espionage. We also assist in navigating cybersecurity regulations such as NIS2, providing visibility into security telemetry and log retention. With an “assume breach” mindset, we help organisations strengthen their security posture and reduce the impact of potential threats.